Extended Data Fig. 6: Hypothalamic expression of hypocretin and dynorphin.

a, Hypothalamic expression of hypocretin and quantification of blood Ly-6C^high monocytes and neutrophils in Apoe^−/− mice after 6, 8 and 12 weeks of sleep fragmentation (for Hcrt, n = 4 Apoe^−/− mice, except n = 5 for Apoe^−/− mice after 12 weeks; for Hcrt, n = 4 Apoe^−/− SF mice; for blood cells at 6 weeks, n = 5 mice per group; for blood cells at 8 weeks, n = 4 mice per group; for blood cells at 12 weeks, n = 9 mice per group). b, Sections of the hypothalamus stained for dynorphin and hypocretin. c, Quantification of hypothalamic dynorphin⁺ cells per high-powered field of view (n = 5 Apoe^−/− mice; n = 4 Apoe^−/− SF mice, of two independent experiments). d, e, Dynorphin (Pdny) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of SF mice (d; n = 6 Apoe^−/− mice; n = 5 Apoe^−/− SF mice) and Hcrt^−/− mice (e; n = 4 wild-type mice; n = 5 Hcrt^−/− mice). f, TUNEL staining of hypothalamic sections from Apoe^−/− and Apoe^−/− SF mice (representative of four biological replicates) along with a positive control of TUNEL-stained myocardium 1 day after myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 1). g–i, Apoe^−/− mice were sleep-fragmented for 16 weeks then allowed to recover and sleep normally for 10 weeks. Control mice slept normally for 26 weeks. g, Analysis of hypothalamic hypocretin expression (n = 5 Apoe^−/− mice; n = 4 Apoe^−/− SF mice). h, Blood Ly-6C^high monocytes and neutrophils (n = 5 mice per group). i, Quantification of bone marrow LSK cells and proliferation of LSK cells (n = 5 mice per group). Data are mean ± s.e.m., *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-tests.