Extended Data Fig. 10: Cytokine and chemokine receptor expression of myelin-reactive and neuronal-antigen-reactive T cells.

a, Characteristics of the donor cohort. b, Correlation between cytokine production (ELISA) and CD4⁺ T cell proliferation. PBMCs were stimulated with the indicated antigens. Each dot represents one patient. c, IFNγ and IL-17 production in the proliferating CD4⁺ T cells (n = 3). d, CD25 and ICOS expression in proliferating (CFSE^low) and non-proliferating (CFSE^high) CD4⁺ T cells. Flow cytometry seven days after antigenic stimulation. Representative density plots (numbers indicate frequencies as mean + s.d. percentages, n = 3) and quantification of mean fluorescence intensities (MFI, n = 4). e, Gene expression levels of IFNG, IL17A, IL4, CXCR3 and CCR6, determined by quantitative PCR (normalized to RPL13A). PBMCs isolated from patients with MS were stimulated with MBP or β-synuclein. After seven days, cytokine expression was determined in proliferating (CFSE^low) and non-proliferating (CFSE^high) CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells before and after stimulation with CD3 antibodies. Chemokine expression was determined just before CD3 stimulation. Analyses were performed with PBMCs of patients with MS who had a proliferative response to both MBP and β-synuclein. Numbers of analysed patients are indicated. Data are mean + s.e.m. f, Correlation between percentage of CD4⁺ T cells proliferating in response to the indicated antigens and the grade of disability in patients with MS and Parkinson’s disease. Disability was measured by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) or the Hoehn and Yahr score for patients with MS and Parkinson’s disease, respectively. g, Correlation between percentage of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells proliferating in response to the indicated antigens and the disease duration. b, Linear regression analysis. c–e, Paired two-tailed t-test. f, g, Pearson’s r². *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.