Extended Data Fig. 2: Dynamics of TOX expression in mouse and human disease.

a, TOX expression in P14 T cells from peripheral blood at day 208 post-infection with Armstrong or clone 13. b, Top, T_eff and T_mem cell markers relative to TOX expression in P14 T cells or endogenous CD8⁺ T cells on day 6 post-infection with clone 13. Bottom left, frequency of T_mem-cell and T_eff-cell subsets within TOX⁺ and TOX⁻ P14 T cell populations. Bottom right, TOX median fluorescence intensity in KLRG1⁺ and KRLG1⁻ P14 T cells. c, TOX versus transcription-factor expression after 8 (top) or 30 (bottom) days of clone-13 infection. d, e, TOX versus inhibitory-receptor expression in P14 T cells after 8 days (d) or 30 days (e) of clone-13 infection. f, TOX expression in antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells after influenza, VSV or Listeria monocytogenes infection compared with LCMV Armstrong or clone-13 infection. g, TOX versus PD-1 and quantification of TOX expression in activated CD8⁺CD44⁺ T cells from control tissues or tumours. Control T cells for mouse tumour models were acquired from the spleen, whereas in humans, T cells from the peripheral blood of normal donors served as controls. h, Radar plots of median gene expression in single-cell RNA-sequencing data from tumour biopsies and peripheral blood of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)^61,62. Median expression was calculated on cell clusters that were defined by key driver genes and represent canonical T cell populations^61,62. i, Top, P14 T cell infiltration in GP33-expressing B16 tumours. Bottom, cytokine production in TOX⁺ or TOX⁻ tumour-infiltrating P14 T cells. Contour and histogram plots are from one representative experiment of at least 2 independent experiments consisting of at least 4 mice per group. Unless otherwise noted, P14 T cells were analysed from the spleens of infected mice. In the summarized experiments, each data point represents one mouse and the error is reported as s.d. For e, five human melanoma biopsy samples were analysed. Statistical significance (*P < 0.01) was determined using the Student’s t-test.