Extended Data Fig. 7: CLiBeSO-W model results when marine ¹⁰Be/⁹Be data are excluded from the MCMC inversion.

a, Atmospheric \({p}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}\)with alkenone (yellow) and δ¹¹B (red) proxy and ice-core (blue) data (see Methods). b, Modelled seawater δ⁷Li. The grey points are planktonic foraminifera δ⁷Li (ref. ²⁸). c, Modelled marine ¹⁰Be/⁹Be normalized to the value at 0 Myr ago. The grey and blue points are reconstructed marine ¹⁰Be/⁹Be from ref. ⁷ normalized to the modern ¹⁰Be/⁹Be value of the respective ocean basin. d, Normalized silicate (red) and carbonate (blue) weathering flux and carbonate burial (dashed blue) flux. The grey, dashed lines are the estimated minimum and maximum changes in F_carbb from sedimentary volumes³⁰. e, Silicate weathering intensity. f, Globally averaged erosion rate (left axis). The solid red and lower and upper dashed lines show the mean, minimum and maximum mountain erosion rate estimates¹⁶, respectively (right axis). The beige line is an estimate of global erosion rate¹⁵ and the beige bar at 0 Myr ago indicates the full range of estimated pre-anthropogenic erosion rates^15,18 (left axis). In a–c, error bars are published uncertainty for the data (minimum/maximum in a, 1σ in b, c). The model output is shown by black lines, using the mean of the MCMC optimized parameters and the shading indicates the density of all convergent MCMC iterations.