Extended Data Fig. 3: Impact peak force results.
From: Foot callus thickness does not trade off protection for tactile sensitivity during walking
a, Relationship between callus thickness and impact peak force (BW) in usually barefoot (red; n = 29 individuals, n = 70 steps) and usually shod (blue; n = 28 individuals, n = 44 steps) Kenyan individuals. Box plots depict comparisons between usually barefoot and usually shod individuals. b, Relationship between callus thickness and impact peak force (BW) in US individuals (n = 22 individuals) when barefoot (yellow), wearing uncushioned shoes (orange) and wearing cushioned shoes (red). Likelihood ratio tests carried out on model variance from linear mixed-effects models presented in Extended Data Tables 5, 7 indicate that there is no significant relationship between callus thickness and impact peak force and no effect of footwear-use category or footwear condition (P > 0.05). For all box plots, boxes represent interquartile ranges, middle bars represent median values, whiskers extend to the most extreme data point ± 1.5× the interquartile range and more extreme data points are indicated by circles.
