Extended Data Fig. 8: Major clonal expansion of CD8⁺ T cells in newly diagnosed patients with MS.

a–c, PBMCs from healthy controls (HC) (n = 4) and patients with MS (n = 18) were stained and analysed by flow cytometry to determine the frequency of T cells. The frequency of CD4⁺ (a), CD8⁺ (b) and γδ⁺ (c) T cells is shown. Data are mean ± s.e.m. d, e, Brain homing and activated (CD49d⁺CD29⁺HLA-DR⁺CD38⁺) CD8⁺ T cells were single-cell-sorted from PBMCs of healthy controls (d) and newly diagnosed patients with MS (e). The cells underwent single-cell paired TCR sequencing. Pie charts depicting clonal expansion of CD8⁺ T cells among healthy controls (n = 10) and patients with MS (n = 18). The number of cells with β chain successfully identified is shown above its pie chart. For each TCR clone expressed by two or more cells (clonally expanded), the absolute number of cells expressing that clone (≥2, ≥5, ≥10, ≥20 and ≥50) is shown by a distinct coloured section.