Extended Data Fig. 10: HFD facilitates tumour growth in PDX model of LSCC.

a, qRT–PCR analysis of the expression level of ZDHHC19 was performed in a series of PDX tumour tissues (PDX1–PDX7). Fold change was normalized to 18S rRNA. The data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. n = 3 technical replicates. b, Representative image of the xenograft tumours isolated from a PDX mouse with an NFD or HFD. c, Weight of the tumours was measured. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. n = 8 biologically independent samples (NFD); n = 10 biologically independent samples (HFD). P values were determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. d, STAT3 palmitoylation was analysed by APE and western blotting in PDX tumour tissues. The palmitoylated STAT3 was quantified using ImageJ. The data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. n = 5 biologically independent samples. P values were determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. e, qRT–PCR analysis of the expression level of STAT3 target genes (BCL2, BCL2L1 and MMP9) was performed in tumour tissues collected at the end of the experiment. Fold change was normalized to 18S rRNA. The data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. n = 8 biologically independent samples (NFD); n = 10 biologically independent samples (HFD). P values were determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. f, Representative images of immunohistochemical staining of STAT3 and ZDHHC19 in paraffin-embedded PDX tumour tissues collected from the indicated groups. g, Transcriptional level of ZDHHC19 shows the knockdown efficiency in primary PDX cells by qRT–PCR. The data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. n = 3 biologically independent samples. P values were determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. h, Representative images of tumour-sphere formation using primary tumour cells isolated from LSCC PDX tumour tissues. i, Schematic showing that fatty acids and amplified ZDHHC19 promote STAT3 activation through S-palmitoylation. In f, h, the experiments were independently repeated at least three times with similar results.

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