Extended Data Fig. 2: Regularity of migratory flights, flight altitude and variability among years and localities in the aerial presence of species.

a, Relationship between mosquito presence (fraction of positive nights) and the mean density of mosquitoes on collecting panels, to evaluate whether appearance can be accounted by overall abundance rather than by unique migratory nights. b, The relationship between the height of the collecting panel and mean density of mosquitoes per panel (×10³; the regression line with shading denotes the 95% confidence interval of the mean), showing the mean density of mosquitoes per panel by species. The inset summarizes the covariance analysis that underlies this regression, which includes the species and height of the collecting panel. The number of nights per collecting-panel height is given in blue along the x axis (Fig. 1a). agl, above ground level. c, Variation in mosquito presence (fraction of positive nights) by species between years (top) and villages (bottom), with their 95% confidence interval. Sampling effort, expressed as the number of collecting panels per year or village, is shown adjacent to the key.