Extended Data Fig. 5: Depolarized (‘up’) conformations of the four VSDs.
From: Cryo-EM structures of apo and antagonist-bound human Cav3.1
Structures of the four VSDs are presented in similar views. After purification in the absence of electric field with a lengthy duration, Nav and Cav channels are expected to be trapped in the inactivated states that are featured with depolarized or ‘up’ VSDs and closed intracellular gate. The S4 segments are in the 310 helix form. The gating charge residues and the conserved charge transfer centre64 are shown as ball and sticks. Other polar residues that form potential hydrogen bonds are represented by red dashed lines, with the gating charge residues shown as sticks. The two conserved polar or acidic residues on S2 that facilitate charge transfer, designated An1 and An2, are also labelled.
