Fig. 2: A Nymphaealean WGD shared by Nymphaeaceae and possibly Cabombaceae.
From: The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants
a, KS age distributions for paralogues found in collinear regions (anchor pairs) of N. colorata and for orthologues between N. colorata and selected Nymphaealean and angiosperm species. Red and yellow arrows indicate under- and overestimations of the N. colorata–Nuphar advena and N. colorata–C. caroliniana divergence, respectively. b, WGD phylogenomic analysis. Numbers in parentheses are the number of gene families with retained C. caroliniana duplicates supporting the duplication events. Numbers below branches show branch lengths in KS units. The double-arrowed line denotes total KS from the pointed node to N. colorata. We used G. biloba (dashed branch) as an outgroup. The red dot denotes the branch on which most of the anchor pairs in N. colorata coalesced. All mapped duplication events have BS ≥ 80% in the gene trees. c, Left, the scenario of a WGD (yellow four-pointed star) before the divergence between Nymphaeaceae and Cabombaceae. Right, a possible gene tree under this scenario, with loss of one duplicate in C. caroliniana. Two red dots show where the anchor pair of N. colorata would coalesce. d, Left, scenario of a WGD in the stem lineage of Nymphaeaceae involving an allotetraploid (green four-pointed star) that formed between two ancestral parents after the divergence of the lineages leading to N. colorata and C. caroliniana, with one of the parents being more closely related to C. caroliniana. Right, a gene tree under such a scenario. Red dots are as in c.
