Extended Data Fig. 4: Single-cell localization relative to the tumour–stroma interface.

a–d, t-SNE maps of 171,288 subsampled single cells from high-dimensional images of breast tumours, coloured by patient (a), localization relative to the tumour–stroma interface (b), single-cell distance to the tumour–stroma interface (c) and number of neighbouring cells (d). e–g, Representative images with single-cell mask, labelled by metacluster identifier (e), tumour and stroma masks (f) and heat map that represents the distances of single cells to the tumour–stroma interface from each side (g). Scale bar, 100 μm. h, i, Log-transformed distances to tumour front of stromal cell clusters (h) and tumour cell metaclusters (i). j, Binned distances of all metaclusters to the tumour front. Bin number 0 contains all cells that are directly touching the interface. Negative distances represent the distance to the tumour boundary from inside the tumour and positive values indicate the distance outside the tumour.