Extended Data Fig. 6: Behavioural change in adult versus juvenile birds.

a–d, Comparison of within-day repertoire dating results during and after the end of development (averaged over three birds). Top, juvenile birds; bottom, same birds but as adults. a, Large-scale embeddings analogous to Fig. 2a. b, Repertoire dating percentiles, analogous to Fig. 3a, b. c, Stratified mixing matrix, analogous to Fig. 3g. d, Stratified behavioural trajectories, analogous to Fig. 3h–k. e, Shift and span values for the 50th percentile, for juvenile and adult birds. Points indicate individual birds. Song in adult birds is not static, but the time course of change differs from that observed in juveniles. First, change in adults is substantially less than in juveniles (see the slope of the 50th percentile in the top versus bottom parts of b). Second, the relation of fast (within-day) and slow (across-day) change differs in juveniles versus adults. In juveniles, vocalizations move along the DiSC (y axes in b; slow local axis in d) within each day and the repertoire time of typical renditions increases by about one day from morning to evening (50th percentile; span is approximately one day) and is maintained through the next morning (shift is approximately 0 days). In adults, typical renditions do not show within-day progress along the DiSC (the span is approximately 0 days) but change overnight across days (the shift is greater than 0 days). In adults, the regressive tail of the repertoire in particular moves towards smaller values during the day (b, bottom right; 5th percentile), whereas in juveniles it consistently moves towards larger values (b, top). In both juvenile and adult birds, within-day change has a strong component that is misaligned with the DiSC (within-day axis in d).