Extended Data Fig. 4: VEGF-C signals specifically in lymphatic endothelial cells in the meninges and deep cervical lymph nodes and provides survival benefits in a manner that depends on the administration time point.
From: VEGF-C-driven lymphatic drainage enables immunosurveillance of brain tumours
a, Gating strategy for LECs and BECs. b, Concatenated FACS plots of LECs and BECs from meninges and lymph nodes, depicting AKT phosphorylation intensity. The experiment was repeated independently with similar results. c, Quantification of the AKT(pS473)-positive population and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) within LECs and BECs in the meninges and deep cervical lymph nodes (meninges: wild type, n = 5; AAV-VEGF-C, tumour + Luc mRNA, tumour + VEGFC mRNA, n = 8; lymph nodes: wild type, n = 5; AAV-VEGF-C, n = 8; tumour + Luc mRNA, n = 7; tumour + VEGFC mRNA, n = 8). d, Fluorescence microscopy images of deep cervical lymph nodes after treatment with VEGFC mRNA in tumour-bearing mice (CD31, red; LYVE1, green; DAPI, blue). e, Fluorescence microscopy images of meninges after treatment with VEGFC mRNA in tumour-bearing mice (CD31, red; LYVE1, green; DAPI, blue). The experiment was repeated independently with similar results. f–h, Mice were treated with AAV-VEGF-C or VEGFC mRNA at different time points relative to GL261-Luc tumour inoculation (day 0). Tumour growth kinetics (g, h) and survival (f) were monitored (n = 5 for all groups, no tx refers to mice receiving no treatment). Data are mean ± s.d. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 (two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test or two-sided log-rank Mantel–Cox test).
