Extended Data Fig. 7: Magnetospectroscopy of the (2, 4) and (3, 3) charge configurations.
From: Operation of a silicon quantum processor unit cell above one kelvin

The transitions that move with the magnetic field are caused by Zeeman splitting, allowing us to extract the lever arm of VG1 as 0.2128. Because ΔVGp−p = ΔVG1 − ΔVG2, and the pulse is applied symmetrically to both G1 and G2, we can further extract the lever arm of VG2 to be \(0.2128\times \frac{36.8\,{\rm{mV}}-20\,{\rm{mV}}}{40\,{\rm{mV}}-20\,{\rm{mV}}}=0.1788\). The valley splitting energy of the QDs can be approximated as 600 μeV, where the blockaded region at (3, 3) corresponds to the splitting energy. Further evidence can be found in ref. 11, where no valley splitting below 600 μeV was observed in the low-electron-number regime for this same QD device. g, g-factor of electron in silicon (g = 2); μB, Bohr magneton; e, electron charge; ΔEV1, valley splitting energy of QD1.