Fig. 2: Estimates of the attributable fraction for vaccine-preventable infections.
From: Childhood vaccines and antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries
a, b, We illustrate estimates of pathogen-specific attributable fractions of vaccine-serotype pneumococci for children aged 0–59 months (a, left) and 24–59 months (a, right), and rotavirus for children aged 0–23 months (b). c, We also illustrate distributions of vaccine efficacy estimates against infections involving the vaccine-targeted organism, as estimated using meta-analyses (Supplementary Table 7); these estimates provided a basis for computing the attributable fraction (Supplementary Tables 1, 2). We considered PCV efficacy against vaccine-serotype invasive pneumococcal disease for the primary analysis (left). A secondary analysis (Supplementary Table 8) used PCV efficacy against culture-confirmed pneumococcal vaccine-serotype acute otitis media. For rotavirus (right), we stratified estimates of human monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) efficacy against rotavirus gastroenteritis in children aged 0–23 months in middle-income countries and low-income countries to account for the differential efficacy in these settings, and obtained a pooled estimate of the attributable fraction weighted by the number of children residing in middle-income countries and low-income countries (Methods). VE, vaccine effectiveness. Points and lines indicate median estimates and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. Quantiles are obtained through 2,000 independent draws from the distribution of estimates.
