Fig. 4: Total vaccine-preventable antibiotic consumption and incidence per 100 children.
From: Childhood vaccines and antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries
a, b, We estimated the incidence and total number of antibiotic-treated ARI and diarrhoea episodes attributable to PCV10/13-serotype pneumococci in children aged 24–59 months (a) and rotavirus in children aged 0–23 months (b), respectively. Left, incidence in the absence of vaccination. Right, the corresponding total number of cases, the total number of cases under 2018 vaccine coverage levels and under universal vaccine coverage. Estimates were stratified by income status (low income; lower middle income; upper middle income). Points indicate median estimates, with superimposed lines indicating 95% confidence intervals; violin plots illustrate the distribution around estimated incidence and total cases. Numerical estimates are provided in Supplementary Tables 20–22, 24–26. Quantiles are obtained through 5,000 independent draws from the distribution of estimates.
