Extended Data Fig. 3: Fitted association of improved water and sanitation access with diarrhoea risk.
From: Childhood vaccines and antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries
a–c, We illustrate model-estimated rates of the incidence (Inc.) per 100 children of diarrhoea under differing conditions of access to improved water and sanitation conditions among at ages 0–23 months. Estimates account for interactions of sanitation and water access with GDP per capita. Shaded regions indicate 95% confidence intervals around estimates. True intercepts are dependent on the distribution of other individual and setting-level risk factors; plotted estimates do not account for the joint distribution of other risk factors with respect to the access of children to water and sanitation at the country level and GDP per capita. Sanitation conditions include improved (a) and unimproved sanitation (b) or open defaecation (c) in combination with or without improved water access. Model parameter estimates are presented in full in Supplementary Table 30. Estimates are obtained from analyses of DHS and MICS surveys comprising 377,665 children across 77 countries. Quantiles are obtained through 5,000 independent draws from the distribution of estimates.
