Extended Data Fig. 1: New-particle-formation events observed in various remote and urban environments (see Extended Data Table 3 for a complete set of references).
From: Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation
a, Growth rates (GR) versus condensation sinks (CS), showing that both are higher in polluted urban environments than in other environments. b, Particle-formation rates (J) versus a measure of particle loss via coagulation (CS × 104/GR, similar to the the McMurry L parameter), showing high new-particle-formation rates in urban conditions where the condensation sinks were so high compared to the growth rate that survival of nucleated particles should be very low. J and GR were calculated over the size range from a few nanometres to over 20 nm, except for J at Shanghai59 and Tecamac60, which were calculated from 3 nm to 6 nm. The bars indicate 1σ total errors.
