Fig. 4: Inhibition of host cell pathways induced by infection prevent SARS-CoV-2 replication.

a, Protein levels of all detected viral proteins are plotted with their log₂-transformed changes compared with the corresponding control for different infection times. Mean fold changes are plotted (n = 3). b, Gene ontology network analysis of host proteins that correlated with viral protein expression (FDR-adjusted P < 0.01). Proteins were clustered according to the gene ontology term of the biological process and plotted as a network with FDR colour coding. Annotated pathways represent parent pathways in the network. c, d, The antiviral assays show that the inhibition of viral replication is dependent on the concentrations of ribavirin (c, n = 3) and NMS873 (d, n = 3). Each data point indicates a biological replicate and the red line indicates the dose–response curve fit. R² and IC₅₀ values were computed from the curve fit and the s.d. of IC₅₀ is indicated in parentheses. All n numbers represent independent biological samples.