Extended Data Fig. 2: Timeline for mRNA-1273’s progression to clinical trial.
From: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness
The morning after novel coronavirus (nCoV) sequences were released, spike sequences were modified to include prefusion stabilizing mutations and synthesized for protein production, assay development, and vaccine development. Twenty-five days after viral sequences were released, clinically-relevant mRNA-1273 was received to initiate animal experiments. Immunogenicity in mice was confirmed 15 days later. Moderna shipped clinical drug product 41 days after GMP production began, leading to the phase I clinical trial starting 66 days following the release of nCoV sequences.
