Extended Data Fig. 1: Morphokinetic analysis to benchmark key morphological events in mouse, cow and human pre-implantation development.
From: Initiation of a conserved trophectoderm program in human, cow and mouse embryos
a, Representative images of mouse, cow and human embryos at each developmental stage analysed. Yellow arrows point to blastomere flattening. Yellow outline denotes the compacted morula. Yellow arrowheads mark microlumens. Yellow asterisks show single dominant cavity. Yellow bars show zona pellucida (ZP) thinning. dpf, days post-fertilization. Scale bars, 100 μm. b, c, Morphokinetic analysis of mouse, cow and human pre-implantation development, showing relative time in hours (b) and in percentage (c) (from 8-cell stage to the end of cavitation). n = 15 embryos for mouse and cow, and n = 16 for human. d, Morphokinetic analysis for each of the mouse, cow and human pre-implantation embryos used in the analysis, showing relative time in percentage (from the 8-cell stage up to the end of cavitation). n = 15 embryos for mouse and cow, and n = 16 for human. e, Quantification of the number of individual cells that divided between 8-cell stage and start of compaction in mouse, cow and human embryos. n = 15 embryos for mouse and human, and n = 14 for cow. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test, ****P < 0.0001, ns, not significant. f, Quantification of the total cell number in mouse (32-cell stage), cow and human morula embryos. n = 25 for mouse, n = 20 for cow and n = 34 for human. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test, ****P < 0.0001. g, Quantification of the number of inner and outer cells in mouse, cow and human morula embryos. n = 25 for mouse, n = 20 for cow and n = 34 for human. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Two-tailed Student’s t-test, ****P < 0.0001, ns, not significant. h, Quantification of the number of ICM and TE cells in mouse, cow and human blastocysts. n = 14 for mouse, n = 10 for cow and n = 12 for human. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Two-tailed Student’s t-test, ****P < 0.0001, ns, not significant. More details about statistics and reproducibility are provided in Methods.
