Extended Data Fig. 1: Plan view of one of the grating couplers superimposed on the trap electrode metal (partial).

The single-mode (SM) waveguide is tapered to provide a wider beam at the grating coupler. The grating teeth are formed via a partial etch into the waveguide material beneath a window in the electrode metal. The gratings used are forward-emitting, designed to emit a beam to the ion location as depicted, but 55 μm above the surface of the metal.