Extended Data Fig. 5: A comparison of emissions estimates for eastern mainland China using different measurement datasets.

a–c, Estimated annual emissions of CFC-11 using a priori emissions distributed uniformly over land using measurements from Gosan and Hateruma (a), Gosan (b) and Hateruma (c) stations. The black line shows the mean estimate of the four inversion frameworks and the shading shows the estimates for each inversion within their one standard deviation or 68% uncertainty. Inventory-based estimates of emissions for all four gases from eastern mainland China (determined as the total Chinese emissions scaled by the fraction of the population, 35%, that reside in that part of the domain) are shown as a dashed line (including projected inventory values¹⁷ after 2014).