Extended Data Fig. 1: Comparison of the reconstructed and true transverse energies in simulated events.

Each red point shows a simulated antihydrogen’s true transverse energy at the time of the spin flip, plotted against its TOF. The simulation was performed for the conditions of the ‘stack and cool’ series. The true energies can be compared with the reconstructed transverse energies (blue curve), derived from the TOF using the one-dimensional model. The mean of the true energies agrees to within 10% with that of the reconstructed energies. See Methods.