Extended Data Fig. 5: Various 2D/2D roll-up vdW superlattices.

a, Optical microscopy image of MoS₂/WS₂ heterobilayer. Scale bar, 10 μm. b, SEM image of MoS₂/WS₂ roll-up vdW superlattice. Scale bar, 1 μm. c, Raman spectra of a typical MoS₂/WS₂ heterobilayer (black line) and a MoS₂/WS₂ roll-up vdW superlattice (red line). The peaks at 353 cm⁻¹ and 381 cm⁻¹ correspond to the \({{\rm{E}}}_{{\rm{2g}}}^{1}\) mode of WS₂ and MoS₂, and the peaks at 415 cm⁻¹ and 402 cm⁻¹ correspond to the A_1g mode of WS₂ and MoS₂, respectively. d, EDS mapping images of Mo, W and S for the MoS₂/WS₂ roll-up vdW superlattice. Scale bars, 200 nm. e, f, Optical microscopy image of MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayer (e) and MoSe₂/WSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattice (f). Scale bars, 5 μm. g, Raman spectra of a typical MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayer (black line) and a MoSe₂/WSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattice (red line). The peaks at 246 cm⁻¹ and 282 cm⁻¹ correspond to the \({{\rm{E}}}_{{\rm{2g}}}^{1}\) mode of WSe₂ and MoSe₂, respectively, and the peak at 237 cm⁻¹ to the A_1g mode of MoSe₂. h, EDS mapping images of Mo, W and Se for the MoSe₂/WSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattice. Scale bars, 100 nm. i, Optical microscopy image of the SnS₂/MoS₂ heterobilayer. Scale bar, 5 μm. j, SEM image of the SnS₂/MoS₂ roll-up vdW superlattice. Scale bar, 200 nm. k, EDS elemental analysis of the SnS₂/MoS₂ roll-up vdW superlattice. l, EDS mapping images of Mo, Sn and S for the SnS₂/MoS₂ roll-up vdW superlattice. Scale bars, 200 nm. m, n, Optical microscopy image of the NbSe₂/MoSe₂ vdW heterostructure (m) and the NbSe₂/MoSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattice (n). Scale bars, 5 μm. o, Raman spectra of the NbSe₂/MoSe₂ vdW heterostructure (black line) and the NbSe₂/MoSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattice (red line), showing resonance peaks at 235 cm⁻¹ and 283 cm⁻¹, corresponding to the A_1g and \({{\rm{E}}}_{{\rm{2g}}}^{1}\) modes of MoSe₂, respectively, and at 248 cm⁻¹, corresponding to the \({{\rm{E}}}_{{\rm{2g}}}^{1}\) mode of NbSe₂. p, Optical microscopy image of the Cr₅Te₈/WSe₂ vdW heterostructure. Scale bar, 10 μm. q, SEM image of the Cr₅Te₈/WSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattice. Scale bar, 1 μm. r, Raman spectroscopy of the Cr₅Te₈ nanosheet (blue line), Cr₅Te₈/WSe₂ vdW heterostructure (black line) and Cr₅Te₈/WSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattices (red line). The two characteristic peaks at 128 cm⁻¹ and 142 cm⁻¹ correspond to Cr₅Te₈, and the characteristic peak at 250 cm⁻¹ corresponds to WSe₂. s, Optical microscopy image of the SnSe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayer. Scale bar, 20 μm. t, SEM image of the SnSe₂/WSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattice. Scale bar, 1 μm. u, Raman spectra of the SnSe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayers (black line) and SnSe₂/WSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattice (red line), showing a resonance peak at 188 cm⁻¹, corresponding to the A_1g mode of SnSe₂, and at 251 cm⁻¹, corresponding to the \({{\rm{E}}}_{{\rm{2g}}}^{1}\) mode of WSe₂. v, w, Optical microscopy images of the In₂Se₃/WSe₂ heterobilayer. Scale bars, 10 μm. x, SEM image of a typical In₂Se₃/WSe₂ roll-up vdW superlattice. Scale bar, 1 μm.