Extended Data Fig. 10: Inhibition of IL-1 reduces macrophage proliferation and density in plaques.

a, Terminal serum cholesterol levels in mice on a WTD and treated with anakinra for 7 weeks (n = 9 control, n = 8 control + anakinra, n = 7 Jak2^VF, n = 9 Jak2^VF +anakinra mice). b, Representative images of aortic roots following 7-week administration of anakinra or vehicle. MAC2 (green), phalloidin (cyan), Ki67 (red), DAPI (blue); arrows, Ki67⁺ nuclei; scale bars, 50 μm. c–e, Quantification of percentage Ki67⁺ cells (c), macrophage density (d) and lesion area (e; n = 8 control, n = 8 control + anakinra, n = 6 Jak2^VF, n = 9 Jak2^VF + anakinra mice). f, Serum cholesterol following 12 weeks WTD, related to late lesions in Fig. 4 (n = 24 Jak2^VF, n = 25 Jak2^VF + anakinra mice). g, Representative picrosirius red-stained lesions from mice treated with anakinra for 12 weeks. Black lines indicate cap thickness; scale bars, 200 μm. h, Experimental design for Jak2^VF clonal haematopoiesis mice using GFP⁺ cells. i, Terminal serum cholesterol (n = 18 control IgG, n = 19 control IL-1, n = 19 Jak2^VF IgG, n = 17 Jak2^VF IL-1 mice). j, G2-M phase monocytes from blood identified with propidium iodine staining (n = 18 control IgG, n = 20 control IL-1, n = 18 Jak2^VF IgG, n = 17 Jak2^VF IL-1 mice). k, Representative picrosirius red-stained aortic root lesions from mice as in j. Black lines indicate cap thickness; scale bars, 200 μm. l, Representative H&E images of aortic roots. Dashed lines, necrotic core; scale bars, 200 μm. m, Overall summary scheme. Mean ± s.e.m.; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test (a, c–e), two-tailed t-test (f); Kruskal–Wallis two-tailed test with Dunn’s comparison (i, j).

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