Extended Data Fig. 5: Manipulation of OSH groups by voltage pulses.
From: Direct assessment of the acidity of individual surface hydroxyls
a, STM image before (a1) and during (a2) the manipulation. Five pulses (two times +2.8 V and three times +2.7 V, 20 pA, marked with crosses) were applied during STM imaging in the centre of individual propeller-like structures. b, c, AFM image of the same surface area before the manipulation (b; with crosses marking the position of the pulses) and after the manipulation (c). d, e, Cartoons identifying the various species before (d) and after (e) the manipulation. In each manipulation, one H per propeller was removed, leaving behind a denuded O(β), indicated in e and visible as a smaller, bright dot in the AFM image in c. Two H have desorbed and three H have re-adsorbed, visible as very dark features in AFM in c and indicated in yellow in e.
