Fig. 2: Cell-mediated immune responses to RBD–NP immunization.
From: Adjuvanting a subunit COVID-19 vaccine to induce protective immunity
a, b, RBD-specific CD4 T cell responses measured in blood at indicated time points. CD4 T cells secreting IL-2, IFNγ, or TNF are plotted as TH1-type responses (a) and IL-4-producing CD4 T cells are shown as TH2-type responses (b). c, Flow cytometry plots showing expression of IL-21 and CD154 after ex vivo stimulation with DMSO (no peptide, top) or an overlapping peptide pool spanning the SARS-CoV-2 RBD (bottom). d, RBD-specific CD154+ and CD154+IL-21+ CD4 T cell responses measured in blood at day 28 after inoculation. Boxes show median, 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers show the range. a, b, Two-sided Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. d, Two-sided Mann–Whitney rank-sum test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Each symbol represents one monkey. n = 4 (O/W), 10 (AS03) and 5 (all other groups).
