Extended Data Fig. 1: MMS diet intervention study.
From: Caloric restriction disrupts the microbiota and colonization resistance
a, CONSORT diagram describing enrolment, allocation, and data analysis. b, Per time point group sizes and timing of data collection. Participants in the diet group underwent 2 months of a very-low calorie liquid diet followed by an additional month of a conventional low-calorie diet. During the fourth month, they were instructed to maintain a stable weight. During all diet periods individuals were counselled by clinical nutritionists. Time points with data collection are shown for both diet and control participants. c, e, Daily consumption of macronutrients measured by mass (c) and percentage of daily energy intake (e) in diet group (nbaseline = 34, nVLCD = 34, nCONVD = 30, nMAINT = 32 participants). d, Total daily caloric intake during diet phases (nintervention as in c, e, control group nbaseline = 30, nCONVD = 22, nMAINT = 24 participants). f, Decreases in relative body fat are observed in the intervention group (nbaseline = 40, nCONVD = 36, nMAINT = 33 participants) relative to the control group (nbaseline = 40, nCONVD = 24, nMAINT = 26 participants). g, Diet leads to improvement in glucose tolerance as measured by OGTT within and between diet (nbaseline = 40, nCONVD = 36, nMAINT = 35 participants) and control (nbaseline = 40, nCONVD = 25, nMAINT = 26 participants) groups. LMM with Tukey’s two-sided all-pair comparison. In boxplots: centre line, median; box, first and third quartiles; whiskers, 1.5× interquartile range (IQR) with outliers individually plotted.
