Extended Data Fig. 5: Clonal expansions later in life.
From: Extensive phylogenies of human development inferred from somatic mutations
a, Phylogenetic tree for appendiceal crypts in PD28690, with annotated cancer driver mutations. An asterisk indicates that the two neighbouring crypts were taken as biological replicates of one another. Within the clade of crypts that acquired the BRAF mutation, the mutation burdens are Poisson distributed, consistent with a molecular clock (P = 0.99, dispersion test). Accordingly, we can estimate that the BRAF mutation was acquired before 23 years of age. b, c, Phylogeny (b) and sampling overview (c) for prostatic acini in PD28690, showing widespread benign prostatic hyperplasia in one biopsy. d, Histology and sampling overview alongside the phylogeny for a microscopic polyp in the colon of PD28690. e, Phylogeny of seminiferous tubules from PD42034, where a frameshift deletion in MEIOB was acquired after only six post-zygotic SNVs. Parts of the figure are composed of pictures from Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com/). Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
