Extended Data Fig. 2: T cell responses to BNT162b2 vaccination.

a, Frequency of spike-specific CD4 T cell responses measured in blood at time points indicated on the x axis. b, Polyfunctional profiles of CD4 T cells. c, Frequency of spike-specific CD8 T cell responses measured in blood at time points indicated on the x axis. d, Polyfunctional profiles of CD8 T cells. e, Frequency of spike-specific CD4 T cells secreting IL-21 and CD154 at time points indicated on x-axis. f, Correlation between spike-specific CD4 (left) and CD8 (right) T cell frequencies and neutralizing antibody responses. g, Correlation between cross-neutralization index, ratio between neutralizing antibody responses against B.1.351 to WA1 strains, and spike-specific CD4 T cell frequencies, IFNγ⁺ (left) or polyfunctional CD4 T cells expressing IL-2, IFNγ and TNF (right). h, Correlation of spike-specific CD4 (left) and CD8 (right) T cell responses with age. i, Correlation of spike-specific IL-21⁺CD154⁺ T follicular helper-like cells on day 28 and neutralizing antibody response on day 42. j, Frequency of CXCR5⁺ CD4 T cells in PBMCs in DMSO-stimulation condition. k, Correlation of peak (day 7) CXCR5⁺ CD4 T cells and neutralizing antibody response on day 42. Each dot represents an individual in all plots. Blue and red colour denote female and male participants, respectively. Boxes show median and 25th–75th percentiles, and whiskers show the range in all box plots. The IFNγ response plots in CD4 (a) and CD8 (c) T cells are from Fig. 1d, e repeated here for completeness. The pie charts in b, d represent the proportion of T cells expressing one, two or three cytokines as shown in the legend. All correlations are two-sided Spearman’s correlations. The error bands represent 95% confidence limits. The statistical difference between time points is calculated using two-sided Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001. n = 38. Number of samples differ between time points as shown in Extended Data Fig. 1a.