Extended Data Fig. 7: 7-Ma long records of sortable silt mean (\(\overline{{\rm{SS}}}\)) and derived flow speed changes together with lithogenic properties.

The accompanying elemental compositions are obtained through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of sediments at Site U1476 (Methods). The glacial periods are indicated for the last 5.3 Ma⁷⁴ by vertical light blue bars. The 10-point running means of the lithogenic ln (Zr/Rb) record reflect the relative deposition of dense Zr grains that are sorted, via selective deposition, together with silt-sand sized terrigenous particles, and Rb that is mainly present in clay minerals as substitution for K. Additionally, the 10-point running means of XRF bulk record (ln) Ca/(Ca/Ti) record that represents the relative deposition of carbonates (including foraminiferal shells) versus the terrigenous fraction⁵³. Reconstructed enhancements in flow speed after 2.1 ± 0.1 Ma correspond to increases in coarse-grained lithogenic sediments together with increases in marine carbonates, which suggests selective deposition and removal of the fine-grained lithogenic sediment fractions.