Extended Data Fig. 1: Distinct effect of MD activation on PL activity compared to MGB on A1 and controls relevant to VIP+ mediation of MD-driven amplification of PL connectivity.
From: Thalamic circuits for independent control of prefrontal signal and noise
a, Left: Cartoon of setup testing the role of MD thalamus activation on intra-PL activity. Right: Representative histology showing the expression of somatic ChR2 in PL contralateral to the recording site (top) and SSFO expression in the MD (bottom). Scale bar in µm: 200. b, Example rasters and PSTHs of a putative excitatory PL neuron showing an evoked response to intra-PL activation alone (left) and no change with concurrent MD activation (right). Blue ticks mark the period of contralateral PL stimulation. c, Population quantification of effect in b (n = 151 excitatory PL neurons from 4 mice, ***p = 1 x 10-15, compared across groups, Wilcoxon signed-rank). d, Left: Same as in a except for stimulation of auditory thalamus (MGB) and measuring evoked responses in the auditory cortex (A1). Right: Representative histology of somatic ChR2 expression in A1 contralateral to the recording site (top) and SSFO expression in the MGB (bottom). Scale bar in µm: 200. e, An excitatory A1 neuron showing response to intra-A1 activation alone (left) and an amplification of its response with concurrent MGB activation (right). Blue ticks mark the period of contralateral A1 stimulation. f, Population quantification of effect in e (n = 196 neurons from 3 mice, p = 0.6802 (NS), compared across groups, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). g, ChR2 stimulation in PL and A1 respectively evoke comparable responses in the contralateral PL and A1 (n = 151 and 196 excitatory units recorded from the PL of 4 animals and the A1 of 3 animals respectively; p = 1x10-5, compared to baseline, p = 0.2532 (NS), across groups, Mann-Whitney U test). h, MD activation induced increase in baseline spike rates of PL inhibitory neurons is unaffected by concurrent suppression of PL VIP+ neurons (n = 48 neurons; +p = 0.0243, ++p = 0.0086, compared to baseline, Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.7555 (NS), compared across groups, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). i, Example of a putative PL excitatory neuron showing a response to intra-PL activation alone (top), which remains unaffected by concurrent suppression of PL VIP+ neurons (bottom). Blue tick marks the period of contralateral PL stimulation and yellow bar marks the duration of VIP+ inactivation. j, Quantification of effect in i (n = 151 neurons from 4 mice, +++p = 1.0 x 10-5 (VIP int.),+++p = 1.0 x 10-5 (VIP sil.) compared to baseline; Mann-Whitney U test; p = 0.5956 (NS), compared across groups; Wilcoxon sign ranked test). k, Optical inactivation of PL VIP+ interneurons do not affect baseline spike rates of putative excitatory or inhibitory neurons in the PL (n = 385 excitatory (RS) and n = 98 inhibitory (FS) neurons from 4 mice; p=0.0955 (NS, RS); p=0.4933 (NS, FS), compared to baseline, Mann-Whitney U test). All statistical tests are two-tailed. For box plots g, h, j, k boundaries, 25–75th percentiles; midline, median; whiskers, minimum–maximum
