Extended Data Fig. 3: Correlation between DDR1 and immune markers in human breast cancer.

(a) Representative images of CD8⁺ T cell staining at E0771 tumour margin and in the tumour core (bottom panels). (b, c) Representative images (b) and quantification (c) of CD8⁺ T cell IHC at M-Wnt tumour margin and core (WT: n = 8 tumours, KO: n = 4 tumours). (d, e) Representative images (d) and quantification (e) of CD8⁺ T cell IHC at AT-3 tumour margin and core (n = 5 tumours/group). Images in (a),(b), and (d) showing tumour margin at top panel (tumour boarder denoted by red dash lines) and tumour core at bottom panel. Box areas at higher magnification are shown in the upper right inlets. Red arrow heads indicate CD8⁺ cells. The y-axis in (c) and (e) refers to percent of CD8⁺ cells over total cells in a given field. Scale bar: 100 µm and 10 µm in inlets. Two-tailed Student’s t-test. (f–g) Correlation between DDR1 mRNA levels and overall survival of all patients with breast cancer (f) and patients with TNBC (g) in the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database (https://kmplot.com/analysis/). (h–j) Scatter plots showing the negative gene expression (Z-score) correlation between DDR1 mRNA levels and GZMB (h), IFNG (i), and PRF1 (j) in TCGA TNBC tumours (n = 162). The corresponding Spearman’s correlation coefficients and p values are shown. (k–n) Correlation of DDR1 mRNA levels and anti-tumour immune markers in 37 samples from patients with TNBC (GSE88847). (o) Scatter plot showing the negative gene expression correlation between DDR1 mRNA levels and signature for accumulation of T cells in tumours using TCGA TNBC tumour data. (p) Scatter plots showing the negative expression correlation between DDR1 protein expression and cytolytic effector pathway in CPTAC BRCA. (q) Correlation between percentages of CD8⁺ immune cells and DDR1⁺ tumour cells in a TNBC cohort (n = 12). (r) Correlation between percentages of CD8⁺ immune cells and DDR1⁺ tumour cells in a DDR1^high (n = 7) and DDR1^low (n = 5) TNBC samples. (s) Patient numbers of immune-excluded (n = 4) and non-immune-excluded (n = 6) in DDR1^high and DDR1^low group. Only the 10 patient samples with paired margin and core information were used for the immune exclusion calculation in Extended Data Fig. 3s, two-sided Chi-square test.

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