Extended Data Fig. 9: Distribution of mak1 and end variants in the human microbiome.

a. Percentage of samples across different cohorts that are positive for either mak1 (blue) or end (green). mak1 was considered “present” in a given sample if any reads mapped to it, and end was considered “present” in a given sample if it had a breadth coverage of >25% of its length. SP stands for supragingival plaque. See Supplementary Table 8 for detailed results of this analysis. b. Genetic context of all five end variants discovered, following the colour code on the right. Note that most variants exist in close proximity to a transposase gene, suggesting a role in their mobility. c. Relative RPKM (y axis, defined as the RPKM of the gene of interest divided by the RPKM of the entire end cluster) of each end gene (x axis). Ten examples of human metagenomic samples (supragingival plaque, HMP) are shown in the top graph, where the depth of coverage is uniform across all end genes. Ten examples of human metagenomic samples (supragingival plaque, HMP) are shown in the bottom graph, where a clear spike in the depth of coverage can be observed around the endM/mak1 gene, indicating the presence of at least two different end genetic variants in these samples. Next to each graph is a representative example of metagenomic reads from supragingival plaque samples mapped to the end BGC. See Supplementary Table 10 for detailed results of this analysis. d. A heatmap showing the abundance (in RPKM) of all end genes in supragingival plaque samples of the HMP cohorts (HMP-1-1 and HMP-1-2). Different samples harbour different genetic contexts (or variants) of the end BGC: 14-gene, 8-gene, 4-gene, 2-gene, or stand-alone mak1/endM. Samples are sorted according to their classification into one of these five genetic variants listed above. e. Metagenomic reads from five different supragingival plaque samples mapped to the end BGC (see Methods). Each of the five samples illustrates an example for one of the unique genetic variants described above. f. A Pie chart showing the distribution of the five genetic variants amongst HMP participants (supragingival plaque samples). If participants had multiple visits and different variants across visits, they were classified into end (multiple variants) (see Supplementary Table 10).