Extended Data Fig. 2: Phylogenetic analysis of Mcks/Maks and prevalence of selected maks and pmaks in metagenomic samples of various human cohorts.

a. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree for all AcbK homologues discovered in this study (Mcks). The tree was constructed using MEGA7, with bootstrap values of more than 50% out of 1000 replicates displayed at the branch points (see Methods). The tree includes previously characterized acarbose kinases from soil-derived Actinobacteria (red label, AcbK, GacK, and ScatK), the canonical phosphofructokinase from E. coli (PfkB), Mcks that were experimentally verified to have (green label, designated as Maks) or lack (blue label) an acarbose-O6A-kinase activity, and ones that have not been experimentally tested (black label). pMaks indicate putative Maks in the AcbK clade. b. Prevalence of selected maks and pmaks expressed as the percentage of positive individuals out of the total, across different cohorts and sampling sites and subsites (brown: gut; teal: oral). The total number of individuals in each cohort is indicated above their corresponding bar chart. Prevalence of all mcks in all cohorts can be found in Supplementary Table 2.