Extended Data Fig. 6: Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) from mice exposed to smoke.

(a) Experimental scheme of FMT experiments performed using fecal donations from mice exposed to smoke. Fecal samples from Non-SMK and SMK mice at day 7 (early smoke exposure) or day 18 (during smoke exposure) were transferred into GF mice of the designated strains, fed with the designated diets. (b–d) Weight change of GF mice following FMT. Fecal donations were collected at day 7 from HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. For b, c, d, f: day 28, unpaired two-sided t-test, mean ± s.e.m.; upper inset: shotgun metagenomic sequencing showing PCA of species composition (for b Non-SMK n = 5, SMK n = 7 mice, for c, d, f n = 6 mice per group), PERMANOVA. (b) Recipients: HFD-fed SW mice. Non-SMK (n = 11), and SMK (n = 13) mice; day 28: unpaired two-sided t-test, mean ± s.e.m. (c) Recipients: HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. Non-SMK (n = 7) and SMK (n = 6) mice, mean ± s.e.m. (d) Recipients: NC-fed C57BL/6 mice, n = 6 mice per group, mean ± s.e.m. (e) Experimental scheme of FMT experiments performed during cessation. Fecal samples from Non-SMK and SMK mice at day 24 (cessation) were transferred into GF mice of the designated strains, fed the designated diets. (f) Weight change of GF mice receiving FMT from C57BL/6 NC-fed mice at day 4 of cessation (total day 24). Recipients: NC-fed C57BL/6 mice, n = 6 mice per group, mean ± s.e.m. (g) Heatmap presenting log2 fold change of bacteria that were significantly changed (Q < 0.05) at least in two conditions (presented in Extended Data Fig. 6e); DESeq2; ns.: non-significant; coloured bar represents log fold change. *P<0.05; **P<0.01, ****P<0.0001, exact P values presented in Supplementary Table 1.