Extended Data Fig. 1: The smoking cessation mouse model.

(a) Experimental scheme, HFD-fed mice. Mice not exposed to cigarette smoke (Non-SMK), mice exposed to smoke and cessation (SMK) and mice continuously exposed to smoke (continuous SMK). SMK group was exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 weeks, 5 days/week. Continuously smoke exposed group was exposed to cigarette-smoke throughout the duration of the experiment. (b) Weight change of HFD-fed mice during smoke exposure  and following discontinuation of smoke exposure (cessation). Non-SMK, SMK and continuous SMK (n = 10), mean ± s.e.m.; day 63: one-way ANOVA and Tukey correction. Inset: iAUC of weight change at smoke exposure or cessation, one-way ANOVA and Tukey correction, mean ± s.e.m. (c–e) Ammonia (c), cholesterol (d) and HDL (e) levels during smoke exposure and cessation: Non-SMK (at smoke exposure n = 9 for ammonia and n = 10 for d-e; at cessation n = 8 for all groups), SMK and continuous SMK (at smoke exposure n = 10, at cessation n = 8), mean values. Smoke exposure phase: two-sided Mann-Whitney U-test (c, e) or unpaired two-sided t-test (d); cessation: Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s test. In the smoke exposure phase, SMK and continuous SMK were considered as one group. (f–g) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, f) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, g) levels during smoke exposure and cessation: Non-SMK, SMK, continuous SMK (n = 10 per group during smoke exposure; n = 8 per group during cessation); two-sided Mann-Whitney U- test for smoke exposure, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s test for cessation, mean values. (h–j) non-fasting glucose (h), triglycerides (i) and albumin (ALB, j) levels during smoke exposure and cessation: Non-SMK, SMK and continuous SMK (n = 10 per group during smoke exposure, n = 8 per group during cessation). Glucose: unpaired two-sided t-test for smoke exposure and one-way ANOVA with Tukey correction for cessation; triglycerides and albumin: unpaired two-sided t-test for smoke exposure and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s test for cessation. Plasma samples were collected 21 days during smoke exposure and on day 63 during cessation, mean values. Grey backgrounds represent cessation period. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; ****P<0.0001, exact P values presented in Supplementary Table 1.