Extended Data Fig. 4: Frequency change over time at two phenotypically important alleles.
From: Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
Present-day frequencies are shown by the red dashed lines; sample sizes for each period are labelled at the bottom of each plot; and we show means along with 95% confidence intervals (Supplementary Table 8). (a–d/Top) Lactase persistence allele at rs4988235. (e–h/Bottom) Light skin pigmentation allele at rs16891982. In Britain the rise in frequency of the lactase persistence allele occurred earlier than in central Europe. This analysis is based on direct observation of alleles; imputation results are qualitatively consistent (Fig. 4b).
