Extended Data Fig. 9: The effects of vagal manipulation on nutrient consumption and SFO neuron activity.
From: Sensory representation and detection mechanisms of gut osmolality change
a, Water intake after 24-h deprivation during a 20-min session after HVx (n = 9 mice for sham and HVx, left) and HPA denervation using 85% phenol (n = 4 for sham, n = 7 mice for denervation, right). The same dataset from Fig. 4a for HVx experiments is presented. b, No change was observed for daily ad libitum water intake in sham (grey) and HPA denervation (red) animals (n = 5 mice). c, The vagus nerve does not contribute to water absorption. Plasma osmolality was measured in water-deprived mice after intestinal water infusion with or without SVx (n = 3 for sham, n = 3 for water-deprived SVx mice, n = 4 for water-infused SVx mice). d, Water (left) or food (normal chow, middle) intake after 24-h deprivation during a 20-min (water) or 1-h (food) session. Consistent with previous studies17,43, no difference was observed between sham (grey) and SVx (red) mice, or pre- and post-operation (n = 5 and 11 mice for pre- and post-op water intake measurement, n = 5 mice for food consumption measurement). Spontaneous daily water intake under sated states was not affected (right, n = 5 mice). e, Representative stomach and intestine samples after SVx (left) or HVx (right), with sham as a comparison. Stomach weight was significantly increased in the SVx animals but not in the HVx animals (n = 5 mice for sham, n = 6 mice for SVx and HVx). f, A diagram of vagal sensory circuits transmitting thirst satiation signals. g, Simultaneous photometry recording from SFONOS1 neurons and chemogenetic stimulation of vagal ganglion neurons. AAV-hSyn-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry was injected into the vagal ganglia while SFONOS1 neurons were infected with AAV-Flex-GCaMP6s in Nos1-Cre animals. h, Calcium dynamics of thirst neurons after PBS (vehicle) or CNO administration (n = 5 mice). Chemogenetic activation of vagal ganglia induced strong feed-forward inhibition in thirst neurons in sated- (left, red trace) and water-deprived condition (right, red trace). AUC was quantified between 300 to 600 s after CNO injection. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns, not significant by two-way ANOVA (Šídák multiple comparisons), two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test, or two-tailed paired t-test. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m.
