Extended Data Fig. 3: Concentration of radiolysis products as a function of time and EDR.
From: Metastable hexagonal close-packed palladium hydride in liquid cell TEM
a, Evolution over time of the concentrations of eh−, H•, and H2 under low EDR. b, Steady-state concentrations of eh−, H•, and H2 under low, medium, and high EDRs. The concentrations were calculated assuming uniform irradiation of the neat water using a publicly available code9,58. In a, the steady state developed rapidly, and the concentration remained the same after 1 ms. The steady-state values were used to draw b. The uniform irradiation condition does not ideally describe the experimental conditions; nonetheless, the concentrations of eh−, H•, and H2 are expected to increase with increasing EDR. c, Parameters used for electron dose rate calculation. Screen current, beam radius, and magnification used in three different conditions and corresponding EDRs. These parameters set at the described magnification were measured in TEM user interface software and used to calculate the EDR values. Fluctuations in the screen current are shown on a percentage scale and are almost negligible.
