Extended Data Fig. 9: Reusability data for the prepared Au/Pd catalysts in HMF oxidation reaction.
From: Au–Pd separation enhances bimetallic catalysis of alcohol oxidation

a, c, The Au@Pd/C catalyst. b, d, the physical mixture Au/C + Pd/C catalyst. Reaction conditions: HMF (0.1 M); NaHCO3 (0.4 M); H2O (16 ml); Au/C: 72.1 mg; Pd/C: 71 mg; Au@Pd/C: 143.1 mg; 80 °C; pO2 = 3 bar; reaction time: 60 min. Key: FDCA yield (■), FFCA yield (♦), HMFCA yield (▲), HMF conversion (●), mass balance (*).