Extended Data Fig. 1: Bone tool from Layer 6.

a, Periosteal view of the shaft fragment. b, Close-up view of the distal area showing microflake scars, smoothing and striations. c, Scraping regularizing the edge close to the opposite end. The object is an elongated fragment of a long bone from a medium-sized mammal. The bone is in an excellent state of preservation, apart from a large notch and post-depositional chipping located on both sides and rare flaking of the periosteal surface, at places removing primary bone lamellae. The edge of the rounded end displays micro flake scars strongly worn by usewear. The adjacent surface is covered with groups of microscopic striations subparallel or oblique to the main axis of the object that fade in frequency away from the edge. The left edge of the opposite end, which is pointed in shape, has been regularized by scraping with a lithic tool so as to make the edges of the bone less sharp. The adjacent periosteal surface also bears longitudinal striations, due to scraping, as well as groups of short striations perpendicular to the major axis of the object. The marks present on the rounded end are consistent with the object being used as a scraper on a soft material, strewn with abrasive particles. The modifications on the opposite end were intended to facilitate hafting of the object or its gripping during work.