Extended Data Fig. 1: Changes in estimates of protected area impact under different study designs, for all analyses.
From: Protected areas have a mixed impact on waterbirds, but management helps
Proportion of Before-After (BA) or Control-Intervention (CI) populations that changed outcome when analysed under a BACI framework, by each analysis (n = 21; 20 full parameter, plus one focal analysis). Shown for all populations (a), then the proportion of positive (b), no (c) or negative impact populations (d) that changed in outcome. Each point is an analysis, with boxplots showing distribution (box bounded by 25th and 75th percentiles, centre shows 50th percentile, whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR above 75th percentile, for maxima, or below 25th percentile, for minima). Large points show focal analysis estimates.
