Fig. 5: Fit of observed transition points to optima minimizing distance flown after the stall.

At each combination of bird and perch spacing, the n observed transition points (opaque dots) are compared with the optimal transition point predicted to minimize stall distance under the model (black cross). The black dot denotes the sample mean for each test condition, coloured contours denote the 50th to 95th percentiles of a bivariate normal distribution fitted using the sample mean and covariance matrix within each group at 15% intervals and the grey line denotes the line of feasible transition points predicted under the model. Distance deviation is shown as a proportion of perch spacing distance.