Extended Data Fig. 3: Summary of laser scanning-spectroscopy measurements.

a, Power spectral density (PSD) of optical and radio-frequency spectra (left inset) with autocorrelation (right inset) for an EDFA pump power of 367 mW, for the system with 16 dB losses. b, Same as panel a, for an EDFA pump power of 398 mW, for the system with 14 dB losses. c, Same as panel a, for an EDFA pump power of 354 mW. d, Same as panel b for an EDFA pump powerof 391 mW. e, Same as panel a, for an EDFA power of 342 mW. f, Same as panel b for an EDFA power of 373 mW. g, The insets show three typical laser scanning spectroscopy measurements for a red-detuned oscillating line (right), blue-detuned line (centre), and coexistence of two oscillating modes (left). From these measurements, it is possible to extract the absolute frequency position of the oscillating line and the centre of the microcavity resonance. We define their difference as the frequency detuning of the lasing states in operating conditions. The distribution of the individual mode detunings across the wavelength span highlighted by the grey dashed lines for 16 dB intracavity losses and EDFA pump powers of 342 mW, 354 mW and 367 mW are shown in blue, yellow, and red, respectively. h, Same as panel g, for the system at 14 dB intracavity losses, and for EDFA pump powers of 373 mW, 391 mW and 398 mW.