Fig. 2: Misclassification is consistent and phenotype specific.
From: Brain–phenotype models fail for individuals who defy sample stereotypes
a, Histogram of misclassification frequency for each phenotypic measure. Each histogram represents misclassification frequency (MF) for each participant, concatenated across in-scanner conditions and presented for analyses using original (that is, unpermuted) data (red) and permuted data (grey). b, Condition-by-condition correlation of misclassification frequency for analyses using original (top triangle) and permuted (bottom triangle) data, presented for each phenotypic measure. Condition order for individual phenotypic measures as in ‘Average’. *Significantly different from permuted result correlations, by paired, one-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test; all P < 0.0001, FDR adjusted (16 tests). r1, rest 1; r2, rest 2; GFC, general FC42; grad, gradCPT73. c, Relationship between phenotypic measure similarity (Spearman correlation) and misclassification frequency similarity (Spearman correlation). Each point represents a measure pair (given different participants excluded for intermediate, missing or outlier scores for each measure; number of correlated participants for each measure pair ranges from misclassification frequency: 63 to 114, measure: 105 to 129). d, Alternative visualization of misclassification frequency similarity, using a hierarchical linkage tree to reveal that measures that tap into similar constructs yield similar sets of misclassified participants.
