Extended Data Fig. 4: Elements of the dermal shoulder girdle of Fanjingshania renovata.

Optical micrographs (a, d, i), scanning electron micrograph (b) and volume renderings based on synchrotron (e–h) and microcomputed (j–l) X-ray tomography data. a, Section through a fragment of a pectoral fin spine wall fused to a partial pinnal plate (V27433.3). b, Fragment of a pectoral fin spine wall fused to a partial pinnal plate (V27433.5) in external view. c, Horizontal virtual section through a partial pinnal plate fused to a pectoral fin spine fragment (V27433.1, holotype). d, Detail of a pectoral fin spine wall (from a sectioned pectoral fin spine fragment fused to a partial pinnal plate, V27433.6). e, Lateral view of an admedian fin spine fused to a pinnal plate fragment (V27434.3). f, Transverse virtual slice through V27434.3 shown in anterior view. g, Lateral view of an incomplete admedian fin spine fused to a fragment of pinnal plate (V27434.1). h, Virtual transverse section through V27434.1 in posterior view. i, Portion of basal wall of an admedian fin spine (V27434.4) sectioned along its long axis, apical to the left. j, Lateral view of two prepectoral spines fused to a partial pinnal plate (V27436.1). k, Vertical virtual slice through V27436.1 in ventral view. l, Lateral view of V27436.1 showing ventral pinnal plate lamina (downturned due to a post-mortem fracture). l, Horizontal virtual slice through the prepectoral spines of V27436.1. Arrowheads point to anterior. admfs, admedian fin spine; al, ascending lamina; bp, basal plate; cb, cellular bone; pfs, pectoral fin spine; pi, pinnal plate; pps, prepectoral spines; s1–4, scales 1–4; sc, scale crown; vl, ventral lamina. Scale bars, 1 mm (a–c, e–h, j–l), 0.5 mm (d) and 0.2 mm (i).