Extended Data Fig. 1: The difference in herbivory and the carbon cost of herbivory for nitrogen fixer and non-fixer species.
From: Widespread herbivory cost in tropical nitrogen-fixing tree species
a, The distribution of the predicted probability of herbivory on leaves of 17 fixer species and 19 non-fixer species. b, The distribution of the predicted proportion of leaf area lost to herbivory on attacked leaves of each seedling for 23 fixer species and 20 non-fixer species. c, The distribution of the geometric mean of the herbivory carbon cost as a fraction of net primary production (NPP) across species (17 fixer species, 18 non-fixer species) for fixers (orange) and non-fixers (grey). Fixers are represented in orange and non-fixers in grey. Bars in a and b represent predicted mean values (± standard error of mean) derived from our modelling of Incidence of herbivory and Proportiondamaged. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences (p = 0.02 for a, p = 0.04 for b, p = 0.04 for c) between fixers and non-fixers from two-sided non-parametric Wilcoxon rank tests. Numbers above each bar in panel c represent the number of seedlings sampled per species. Note that the number of leaves (a) and seedlings (b) sampled for each species can be found in the Supplementary Information Table 1.
