Extended Data Fig. 10: 21-channel EMG electrode assembled via BIND connections maps various hand and finger gestures in air and underwater, with mechanical resistance to interference.

a, BIND electrode detects EMG signals of hand gestures (clench, open, raise and bend), finger movements (stretching of individual fingers) and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC, measured by grip dynamometer) in air. b-d, Even underwater, BIND electrode detected EMG signals with high SNR from different hand and finger gestures (b) and tolerated pressure (c) and 50% strain (d) at connection points. High quality signals with little noise are seen before, during and after pressure or 50% strain. Here, the entire BIND electrode, including two BIND connections, was immersed in water. Signals in a, b were subjected to a 50 Hz notch filter and a 10 Hz high pass filter. Signals in c, d were subjected to a 50 Hz notch filter and a 30 Hz high pass filter.